As the name suggests, an index investment fund seeks to deliver a similar return, less fees, as its chosen index.

In its simplest form an index fund purchases the same shares in the same proportions as its index.As the name suggests, an index investment fund seeks to deliver a similar return, less fees, as its chosen index.

For example, an S&P/ASX 200 index fund will hold shares in Australia’s 200 largest companies. Say for instance, if Commonwealth Bank (CBA) represents 10% of the ASX 200, the fund will have a 10% holding in CBA.

There is an index that covers almost every industry sector and asset class including Australian and international shares, property and bonds. With a vast range of indices to choose from, these funds are a useful tool for investors seeking access to both broader and more narrowly focused segments of global investment markets.

The alternative to index (or passive) investing is to either pick individual shares or to invest in an active fund. Through stock picking and active trading, active fund managers seek to outperform their selected indices.

Both index and active funds may be listed, in which case units are traded on a stock exchange in much the same way as shares. Or they may be unlisted, with investors buying and redeeming units directly with the fund manager.

Why the popularity?

There are several reasons why index funds have become so popular:

  • Lower fees. Without expensive investment analysts picking shares, and with relatively low levels of buying and selling, it costs less to run an index fund.
  • More tax-efficient. Active funds have higher turnover rates of their underlying shares, which triggers more capital gains tax events. Tax paid along the way reduces the total capital pool on which compound interest can work its magic.
  • Long-term performance. Many studies have shown that, on average, index funds do better than active funds. In part that’s because of the lower fees and tax efficiency, but it also reflects how difficult it is to pick winners in the share market consistently.

What are the disadvantages of index funds?

Index funds do have some downsides:As the name suggests, an index investment fund seeks to deliver a similar return, less fees, as its chosen index.

  • No outperformance. Some active managers do have good records of beating the market. However, it can be difficult to identify who these are in advance.
  • More risk in a falling market. Index fund managers don’t use stop-losses, hedging or shorting to protect their portfolios when things head south. Index funds follow the market down, as well as up.
  • Lack of choice. You invest in the assets that make up the index, even if that includes companies you don’t approve of, perhaps due to poor records on environmental or social responsibility.

How can index funds be accessed?

Index funds can be held directly, just like any managed fund.

Many investment platforms include unlisted index funds on their investment menus and may also provide access to listed index funds. Public offer superannuation funds that provide a wide range of investment options will usually have a number of index funds on their lists.

What’s right for you?

At one extreme there will always be determined DIY stock pickers with no interest in managed funds of any variety.

On the other hand there are investors for whom index funds provide all the tools they need to construct well-diversified, low cost investment solutions.

Between them is a large group of investors who use index funds to build the foundation of their portfolio while looking to add some icing to the cake via active funds or share selection.

For more information

There are many ways in which index funds can help you reach your investment goals. To find out more, talk to your local RSM financial adviser.

This page has been prepared by RSM Financial Services Australia Pty Ltd ABN 22 009 176 354, AFS Licence No. 238282.

As everyone's circumstances are different and this article doesn't take into account your personal situation, it is important that you consider the above in light of your financial situation, needs and objectives, and seek financial advice before implementing a strategy.    
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