Tax insights

The rules of global taxation are on the brink of change for the first time in nearly 100 years. The leaders of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) G20 met in Rome on 30 October 30th 2021 to finalise the agreement for a global minimum tax.

The OECD recently issued a Statement on a “Two Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy”. The OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework, agreed to by more than 130 countries is the OCED’s and G20’s vision for the international tax future. There are two aspects (referred to as “Pillars”):

The release of the 2021 Draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill (Draft TLAB) and the 2021 Draft Tax Administration Laws Amendment Bill (Draft TALAB) at the end of July will result in corporate taxpayers crunching hard at their numbers.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the Solidarity Fund was established as a Public Benefit Organisation (“PBO”) with a mandate to support the national health response, contribute to humanitarian relief efforts and mobilise South Africans in the fight against Covid-19.

A tax directive is an instruction from SARS to an employer on how to deduct employees’ tax from certain lump sum payments which are not covered by the prescribed tax tables. The resulting tax calculation varies according to the type of tax directive being applied for.

Have you been working from home? Can you claim a tax deduction? Is it worth the effort?

While we still find ourselves navigating the COVID-19 pandemic in the heat of the third wave, the onset of the pandemic almost a year and a half ago forced management in every organisation and sector to promptly evaluate their individual situations and provide an immediate response.

What are Tax Free Investments (TFIs), should they be part of my investment portfolio and can they benefit me in any way in regard to reducing my tax liability?

The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) has implemented changes to the exchange control system, effective from 1 March 2021, with a new focus on tax residency rather than financial emigration. These changes impact the Tax Compliance Status (TCS) requests for Foreign Investment Allowances (FIA) and financial emigration as well as the withdrawal of retirement funds.

Since the 1950s, international trade and travel have increasingly become a familiar part of our everyday lives, and innovations in technology have meant that borders are less of a barrier than ever.

Due to lockdown and global COVID-19 travel restrictions, some individuals are unable to freely move across borders, finding themselves living in a foreign country or their home country for longer than expected.

In late 2020, the OECD released guidance on the transfer pricing implications caused by the pandemic.

A year on since the catastrophic spread of COVID-19 dramatically impacted the lives and businesses of people around the world, the effects continue to be felt.

The provisions of Section 7C of the Income Tax Act, identifying instances of deemed donations, have now been effective for a number of years. Over that time, SARS has extended the scope of the provisions to counter different measures being adopted by certain taxpayers to escape their exposures.

Finance Minister, Mr Tito Mboweni, presented his latest budget speech on 24 February 2021. It was stated that last year Treasury had outlined a strategy to become a winning country, however this was prior to the widespread Covid-19 pandemic that has destroyed lives, jobs and damaged the economy.

The unprecedented economic downturn from the COVID-19 pandemic and widespread uncertainty are a few of the global themes that have characterised 2020, which are likely to continue in 2021.

2020 was a year of challenges and change for businesses and for governments, and the pandemic responses from both were naturally intertwined. When the global crisis first began to take hold, there was a sense that it would be a temporary disruption.

The concept of granting a loan to a trust was commonly used in the past as an effective estate planning strategy. The general approach was that growth assets or funds were transferred into a trust, at their market value, with a resultant loan owing to the individual.

The release of the 2020 Draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill (Draft TLAB) and the 2020 Draft Tax Administration Laws Amendment Bill (Draft TALAB) at the end of July is likely to have worrying consequences for taxpayers.

Over the last couple of years SARS has been pre-populating certain information that they receive from third parties directly in individual taxpayers annual tax returns. This is typically your IRP5 information from your employer, contributions to your medical aid and contributions to your retirement annuity fund.

Transfer pricing refers to the price of goods and services that are exchanged cross border between related companies. Multinational enterprises (“MNE’s”) should establish a transfer pricing policy that ensures profits are recognised in accordance with where economic value is created.

The threat of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a national lockdown in South Africa that commenced on 27 March 2020. This has brought about a significant change whereby many employees are now being required to work from home.

As the 2020 tax filing season draws nearer, the South African Revenue Service (SARS) is introducing a number of initiatives to make the filing of income tax returns for individuals easier. Among these changes is the introduction of an automatic assessment to be issued to a significant number of non-provisional taxpayers from the 31 July 2020.

As from late in 2019, the ITR12T annual trust tax return was updated with the legislative amendments applicable to trusts to incorporate additional disclosures.      In order to comply with the amendments made to the Income Tax Act, No. 58 of 1962 (“the Act”), the following changes were implemented on the trust tax return:

In an address by President Cyril Ramaphosa on 21 April 2020, he noted that Government has recognised the significant negative repercussions that the national lockdown is having on our economy, both to businesses and to households across the country. The address also highlighted further tax measures to be implemented as additional relief measures.

The individual tax filing season, which generally opens at the start of July each year, refers to the period in which an individual is required to submit their annual income tax return. It is worth noting that not all individuals are required to make the submission.

On 21 April 2020 President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the implementation of significant social relief and economic support measures in South Africa which are required as a result of the impact of COVID-19.

The global impact of coronavirus aligned with the fact that different countries are at different stages in responding to the pandemic will mean a new way of doing business will be with us for many months (and probably longer). Therefore, globally active middle market companies now need to set their business continuity plans for at least the rest of 2020.

Further to the fiscal package as outlined by President Cyril Ramaphosa in his speech on the Escalation of Measures to Combat COVID-19, the Minister of Finance has announced on 29 March 2020 certain exceptional tax measures to be implemented.

South African Revenue Services (“SARS”) announced on 27 March 2020 that imported goods defined as “Essential Goods” as detailed in the Regulations published in Government Gazette No 43148 specific to the COVID-19 pandemic will be exempt from Value-added Tax (“VAT”).

On 23 March 2020 President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that South Africa will be in an enforced nation-wide lockdown for 21 days with effect from midnight on Thursday 26 March 2020. Together with this announcement, certain economic interventions were announced by the President.

Start-ups either evolve from ideas nurtured by a step-by-step guide, or hobbies that unexpectedly generate fast growing income. Whether an entrepreneur implements a plan from inception or a hobbyist is taken by surprise, it is uncommon practice for business owners to consider tax implications at the beginning of the life cycle of a business.

As we are aware our Minister of Finance, Tito Mboweni presented his annual budget speech to the country on 26 February 2020. As expected the budget speech, and all the publications that go therewith, contained a number of proposed amendments to the tax legislation.

It has been widely publicised what the changes in the “Expat Tax” laws may have for expatriate employees from South Africa.  However, it should be noted that there are also potential implications for the South African employer of the expatriate.

If you are someone who has recently started a business, or are considering doing so in the future, you might have considered utilising the turnover tax system.

The 2020 National Budget Speech was presented by Finance Minister Tito Mboweni on 26 February 2020. The speech is being presented in trying times, considering the challenges of electricity supply in the country, scrutiny by international ratings agencies, high levels of unemployment and failing SOE’s.

The Minister of Finance announced the Special Voluntary Disclosure Programme (SVDP) in his February 2016 budget speech, following the new global standard for the automatic exchange of information between tax authorities.

With the current downturn in the South African economy, many small and medium-sized businesses will turn to government to provide them with some sort of relief. This relief would come through the granting of government grants. These companies would then assume that the government grant they received will be exempt from normal tax, which is correct

The “gross income” definition in the Income Tax Act, starts as follows: “in the case of any resident, the total amount, in cash or otherwise, received by or accrued to or in favour of such resident; or…”

From 1 March 2020, South African residents who spend more than 183 days in employment outside the country will be subject to taxation, in South Africa, on any foreign employment income that exceeds R1 million (provided that all other conditions are met). The true cost of this amendment on the pockets of ordinary South African expats

Many South African tax residents render services abroad for a period of time during their lives. At present, the Income Tax Act (“the Act”) exempts income received by a South African tax resident, during any year of assessment, if:

The Taxation Laws Amendment Bill of 2018 contains amendments that are designed to reduce certain loopholes that previously existed in the debt relief provisions that are contained in Section 19 of the Income Tax Act (“the Act”) and paragraph 12A of the 8th Schedule to the Act (hereinafter referred to as section 19 and paragraph12A).

In an effort to improve its revenue collection, the South African Revenue Service (SARS) has established an illicit economy unit that will be re-introduced in April 2019 to strengthen its tax collection process.

For some time the government has been concerned by the use of interposed foreign trusts to avoid the taxation on controlled foreign companies (CFC’s). New rules were proposed in 2017, but were subsequently withdrawn due to their wide nature and complexity. The Taxation Laws Amendment Act, 2018 (Act No.

The 1st of April 2019 marks a year since the introduction of the Health Promotion Levy on sugary beverages, or “sugar tax” levy as it is commonly referred to.

The Paris Agreement, which entered into force on 04 November 2016, is intended to be a comprehensive framework that will provide guidance in the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions and the future challenges that are likely to arise from climate change.

Finance Minister Tito Mboweni delivered his maiden Budget Speech on 20 February 2019. This comes at a time when the country is grappling with issues of unemployment, corruption, and distress in State Owned Enterprises.

The tax court recently ruled in the case of ABC (Pty) Ltd v The Commissioner for SARS on the application of section 24C of the Income Tax Act (ITA). The section allows a deduction for future expenditure in relation to any year of assessment by the taxpayer.

In the 2018 budget speech, the Finance Minister proposed a significant number of changes to address the revenue shortfall that the fiscus was facing. One of these proposals was to increase donations tax from 20% to 25% for any donations made by a resident in excess of R30 million. This change has been approved and comes into effect from 1 March 2018.

On the 24th of October 2018, the National Treasury published new regulations for the purpose of “electronic services” as defined in Section 1 of the Value Added Tax Act (VAT) Act of 1991 but specifically relating to the supply of electronic services and which will come into effect from the 1st of April 2019.

There has been a significant change from previous wording, with the old section 11(j) being repealed and replaced by an entirely new section. While the rate of allowance was not defined in Section 11(j), based on SARS practice, 25% of the provision for bad debts was granted as an allowance.

In terms of the Tax Administration Act No.28 of 2011 (“TAA Act”), with specific reference to Sections 210 and 211, SARS can impose a fixed amount penalty where a taxpayer is non-compliant due to a failure to comply with an obligation imposed in terms of a tax act.

Global warming has become a topical issue across the world. The dying of marine life in the sea and dramatic temperature changes across the globe cannot go unnoticed. A lot has to be done to protect Mother Earth. Tax incentives are welcomed by companies as this will boost their after tax profits while at the same time help to save the environment.

Most taxpayers are not aware of the requirements for a tax refund to be facilitated and SARS very often will delay paying out the refund.

We all know that keeping track of your personal tax filing obligations can be difficult to track at times. To add to the complexity, it does not help that you could potentially be required to address filing obligations for 3 different tax years in one calendar year. We set out below the due dates for all tax return filings in a tax year:

International trading has become more and more customary for both individuals and companies, with imports and exports, as well as foreign investment becoming easier as the world becomes smaller with the help of internet, e-commerce, and so forth. This has led to more taxpayers having foreign currency assets and/or liabilities.

South African Revenue Services (“SARS”) in their Tax Laws Amendment Bill of 19 July 2017, supported by the Explanatory Memorandum thereto, acknowledged that a common mechanism used in practice by taxpayers to enable a debtor to settle a debt is for that debt to be converted into equity.

The South African Revenue Service (“SARS”) issued a media release on 16 April 2018 where they advised that they have started, together with the National Prosecuting Authority (“NPA”), to prosecute non-compliant taxpayers who have failed to submit their returns. Taxpayers who are found guilty will have a criminal record.

Land expropriation without compensation is a controversial topic in South Africa. Proponents of this topic mention the following benefits, amongst others: 

Employers are able to compensate their employees, for costs incurred in respect of business travel, in a number of ways. One of the generally accepted methods of compensation is to reimburse the employee based on mileage travelled.

Former Finance Minister Malusi Gigaba announced on 21 February 2018 that South Africans would now be paying 15% Value-Added Tax for standard rated supplies as of 01 April 2018.

On 21 February 2018 we were presented with the Budget Speech by current Minister of Finance, Malusi Gigaba. It was widely accepted that drastic steps would be proposed in the Budget Speech in order to address the revenue shortfall of R48.2 billion, an amount that is slightly lower than the Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS) of R50.8 billion.

This article intends to highlight the basic differences between financial emigration and the process of becoming a non-resident of South Africa for tax purposes. There is often confusion between the two concepts, and individuals sometimes incorrectly assume that neither, only one or both may apply to them.

The release of the Taxation Laws Amendment Bill (TLAB) on 25 October 2017 includes a proposal which could have a significant tax impact for companies.  The proposed amendments to Section 22B of the Income Tax Act No.58 of 1962 and Paragraph 43A of the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act No.58 of 1962 aim to inflate the proceeds on disposal of shares by a company

We live in hard times. Economic downturns, rising inflation, unemployment rates and the tightening of purse strings by companies all increase the financial stresses that are synonymous with our times.

To get onto the SARS register nowadays has proven to be quite challenging and time consuming, even more so for a trust.

In July of 2016 South African Revenue Services (SARS) issued a draft notice in terms of Section 29 of the Tax Administration Act. The draft notice sets out additional record keeping requirements for transfer pricing transactions.

South African Tax Law currently stipulates that if a South African resident works outside the Republic for more than 183 full days (in aggregate) in any 12 month period and for a continuous period exceeding 60 full days during that 12 month period, the foreign employment income earned is exempt from income tax within the Republic irrespective of whether the residen

The advent of dividends withholding tax (DWT) on 1 April 2012 shifted the liability for tax on dividends from the company to the shareholder.

In October 2016 South African Revenue Services (SARS) issued regulations obligating taxpayers who met certain criteria to maintain and retain specific documentation, as detailed in the regulations, with regards to cross border connected party transactions. Following on from this, they have issued two further documents.

There has been much ado of late regarding taxpayer refunds that have been delayed by the South African Revenue Service (SARS). Whether this delay has sinister implications is a discussion for another time. Practically the taxpayer must understand what his or her rights are in terms of their refunds.

Another tax year has come to an end and the 2017 tax filing season for all individuals opened on 1 July 2017. This is the time when each individual who has received income during the period of 1 March 2016 to 28 February 2017 will need to submit their Income Tax Returns to SARS, either via eFiling or by means of going in to a SARS branch.

Notification from SARS for re-submission of 2017 employer annual reconciliation declaration (EMP501) and associated IRP5 /IT3(A) certificates

Section 24I requires that a gain or loss on a foreign exchange transaction be included in or deducted from the income of a taxpayer carrying on a trade within the Republic. In essence, section 24I taxes all gains and losses, whether it is realised or not relating to any foreign exchange transactions.

This article is intended to assist individual taxpayers in understanding their status as a provisional taxpayer. To fully comprehend who qualifies as a provisional taxpayer, we will look at the definition of a provisional taxpayer. A provisional taxpayer is:

In the Tax Administration Act, South African Revenue Service (“SARS”) sets out the requirements for the public officer of a company. A public officer is an individual who is residing in South Africa and must be a registered taxpayer with SARS. The individual representative who is approved by SARS must be a senior official of the company.

SARS has the power to remove money out of your bank account. What are your rights as the taxpayer? The Tax Administration Act No. 28 of 2011 (TAA) came into effect on 1 October 2012, the main objective of which was to align the tax administration provisions of most of our tax Acts and consolidate these into one piece of legislation.

In July of 2016 South African Revenue Services issued a draft notice in terms of Section 29 of the Tax Administration Act. The draft notice sets out additional record keeping requirements for transfer pricing transactions.

As indicated in a previous article published on 17 June 2016, it was uncertain whether or not a non-executive director needs to register for VAT? SARS has now issued Binding Private Ruling 40 and Binding Private Ruling 41 that deals specifically with this question.

With the almost non-existent growth in the economy in the last few years, it has become a common practice for taxpayers with foreign shareholding to receive financial assistance from their holding companies. This assistance is generally in the form of loans, with favourable repayment and interest terms.

In this day and age, with tax legislation becoming more complex and the process of applying the law ever more onerous, professional tax advice is valuable.

A fair bit of uncertainty surrounding deposits and the VAT implications would be removed, had the concept been defined in the VAT Act separately. However, the definition of “consideration” in the VAT Act sets out the output tax implications of deposits.

22 February 2017 brought about another Budget speech presentation by Minister Pravin Gordhan. In the build up to the latest Budget, it was clearly advertised that tax proposals were to be introduced to fund significant revenue collections intended to fund budget deficits.

In our previous article related to this topic, we highlighted proposed new tax laws that would apply to low or interest free loans made to a trust. Those proposed laws were subject to public comment and, as a result, National Treasury has made substantial revisions to the proposals to be introduced as Section 7C of the Income Tax Act.

After recent amendments in the legislation, it has been announced that there will be certain changes in the tax treatment of a Deceased Person and the Deceased Estate.

While boasting the second largest economy in Africa, we as South African citizens cannot hide from the reality of our unequal society. With unemployment hovering around the 25% mark and not being aided by a volatile economy, much has been made of the private sector’s role in uplifting and “saving” the economy.

Globalisation and foreign trade has been a most relevant and complex issue within the finance world since the dawn of technology. A great deal of services are being provided by South African companies to foreign companies which inherently has brought with it a risk of exposure to double taxation.

Should withholding tax on interest (WTI) be deducted from a distribution of interest income to a non-resident beneficiary of a South African discretionary trust?

The 2016 Budget Speech contained a proposal to introduce new tax laws targeted at the prevention of estate duty and donations tax avoidance by making use of interest free loans to a trust. National Treasury recently released the Draft Taxation Laws Amendment Bill that contains the measures intended to give effect to the proposal.

If you are appointed on a board of directors as a non-executive director, it pays to think twice before you claim any expenses you believe are incurred in the production of your income.

Business profits of a foreign enterprise are taxable in a State only to the extent that the foreign enterprise has a Permanent Establishment (PE) in that state. The definition of a PE in tax treaties is therefore critical in determining if the profits of a non-resident will be taxable in another State.

We as a firm have recently seen an influx of new companies registering with the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (“the CIPC”). This is good news as it means that South Africa is seen as a viable investment platform for both foreign and local investors and businesses.

The time has come! From 2017 there will be an automatic exchange of information between tax authorities. This means that the tax authority in Mauritius will have to inform the tax authority in South Africa (SARS) about that interest you have earned in your Mauritian bank account.

On 18 April 2016 the Tax Clearance Certificate application process as we know it was amended by the South African Revenue Service (SARS). This is good news as your Tax Clearance Certificate may now be obtained online via e-filing immediately.

SARS has announced that the annual Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) Employer Annual Reconciliation submission season will be open from the 18th of April until the 31st May 2016. During this time the EMP501 reconciliations that cover the period of 1st March 2015 to 29th February 2016 must be submitted.

As per Amendment 7 of the Taxation Laws Amendment Act, 2015, Sections 1 to 4 of Section 6quin of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 have been deleted.

A person may receive remuneration benefits such as maternity leave or retention bonuses by virtue of their employment contact. However, due to unforeseen circumstances the contractual obligations may not end up being fulfilled. The result is that the individual may be required to repay a portion of the benefit received back to the employer.

On 24 February 2016 we had the welcome sight of Pravin Gordhan back on centre stage to deliver the 2016 Annual Budget Speech. What was keenly anticipated from this speech was an indication of Government’s plans on how to achieve greater revenue collections to fund the budget deficit.

Employers, are you ready for the changes that need to be made in your payroll systems for the retirement reform legislation? In terms of this legislation, contributions made to pension and provident funds by employers on behalf of their employees will be taxed as a fringe benefit, currently effective 1 March 2016.

As all multinational groups of companies should be aware Transfer Pricing is a significant tax issue when operating cross border in multiple tax jurisdictions. Transfer Pricing legislation exists in most established tax regimes and is becoming more and more prevalent in countries previously considered less tax sophisticated.

The Davis Tax Committee (DTC) has released its First Interim Report on Estate Duty addressing the role and relevance of estate duty, as well as its interaction with other taxes.

As we should all be aware the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (the Tax Act), in the form of various amendments over the last few years, has been changed significantly in the way the South African Revenue Services has looked at the tax deductibility of interest.

Tax basis of South Africa The taxation system in South Africa is based on residency. SA tax residents, as defined in the Income tax Act, are generally subject to SA tax on their worldwide income. Non-residents are usually only subject to SA tax on their income from sources within South Africa.

With technology making the world a smaller place, it is understandable that large corporations expand their businesses into multiple jurisdictions as they continue to grow. However, setting up a new operation for an existing business in a foreign jurisdiction is not necessarily an easy task.

The new retirement reforms were planned to come into effect as from 1 March 2015 (effectively for the 2016 tax year).

Among the many legislated penalties that SARS apply to the various tax types, is the understatement penalty which is calculated in terms of the understatement penalty percentage table in Section 223 of the Tax Administration Act (TAA).  This penalty applies to all tax types covered by the TAA, where an understatement (as defined in the TAA) has been made by a taxpa

In the past, if you made a donation to a qualified section 18A institution, you would have been able to claim a deduction against your income of up to 10% of your taxable income as calculated before allowing any donation deduction.

A hot topic on many lips is the new employment tax incentive that was implemented with effect from 1 January 2014. The aim of the incentive is to encourage employers to hire young and inexperienced individuals looking for work.

“I promise you will receive a refund from SARS if we submit your tax return!” That sounds too good to be true. As with all things in life, it probably is. SARS has issued a media release to taxpayers to exercise caution should any “tax advisor” promise you something as bold as this.

We were approached by a corporate entity to address a number of its staff members on their personal income tax matters. The aspects addressed in the presentation were as follows: Why must I submit a tax return? Who is required to file a tax return?

On 01 September 2012 South African Revenue Service (SARS) issued Binding General Ruling (VAT): No 11 (BGR). This BGR prescribes the foreign exchange rate that must be used when issuing tax invoices as well as for determining the output tax due where the consideration for the standard rated supply is in a foreign currency.

It seems like a lifetime ago when the Minister of Finance announced in 2007 that Secondary Tax on Companies (STC) would be replaced with a new Dividend Withholding Tax (DWT). Background

The treatment of tips received by employees from customers for services provided has always been difficult to deal with from an employer’s perspective. An employer has a duty in terms of the Income Tax Act, No 58 of 1962 (‘the Act”) to deduct employees’ tax from remuneration as defined in the Fourth Schedule of the Act.

On 1 September 2009 the King Code of Governance Principles for South Africa (“King III”) was released. This document, a follow on to King I and King II, arose directly as a result of the intended introduction of a new Companies’ Act no 71 of 2008 in South Africa.

The purpose of the new tax free investment products is to encourage individuals to increase their household savings.